����JFIFXX�����    $.' ",#(7),01444'9=82<.342  2!!22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222����"��4�� ���,�PG"Z_�4�˷����kjز�Z�,F+��_z�,�© �����zh6�٨�ic�fu���#ډb���_�N�?��wQ���5-�~�I���8����TK<5o�Iv-�����k�_U_�����~b�M��d����Ӝ�U�Hh��?]��E�w��Q���k�{��_}qFW7HTՑ��Y��F�?_�'ϔ��_�Ջt��=||I ��6�έ"�����D���/[�k�9���Y�8ds|\���Ҿp6�Ҵ���]��.����6�z<�v��@]�i%��$j��~�g��J>��no����pM[me�i$[����s�o�ᘨ�˸ nɜG-�ĨU�ycP�3.DB�li�;��hj���x7Z^�N�h������N3u{�:j�x�힞��#M&��jL P@_���� P��&��o8������9�����@Sz6�t7#O�ߋ �s}Yf�T���lmr����Z)'N��k�۞p����w\�Tȯ?�8`�O��i{wﭹW�[�r�� ��Q4F�׊���3m&L�=��h3����z~��#�\�l :�F,j@�� ʱ�wQT����8�"kJO���6�֚l����}���R�>ډK���]��y����&����p�}b��;N�1�m�r$�|��7�>e�@B�TM*-iH��g�D�)� E�m�|�ؘbҗ�a��Ҿ����t4���o���G��*oCN�rP���Q��@z,|?W[0�����:�n,jWiE��W��$~/�hp\��?��{(�0���+�Y8rΟ�+����>S-S����VN;�}�s?.����� w�9��˟<���Mq4�Wv'��{)0�1mB��V����W[�����8�/<� �%���wT^�5���b��)iM� pg�N�&ݝ��VO~�q���u���9� ����!��J27����$O-���! �:�%H��� ـ����y�ΠM=t{!S�� oK8������t<����è:a������[�����ա�H���~��w��Qz`�po�^ ����Q��n� �,uu�C�$ ^���,������8�#��:�6��e�|~���!�3�3.�\0��q��o�4`.|� ����y�Q�`~;�d�ׯ,��O�Zw�������`73�v�܋�<���Ȏ�� ـ4k��5�K�a�u�=9Yd��$>x�A�&�� j0� ���vF��� Y�|�y��� ~�6�@c��1vOp�Ig����4��l�OD���L����� R���c���j�_�uX6��3?nk��Wy�f;^*B� ��@�~a�`��Eu������+���6�L��.ü>��}y���}_�O�6�͐�:�YrG�X��kG�����l^w���~㒶sy��Iu�!� W ��X��N�7BV��O��!X�2����wvG�R�f�T#�����t�/?���%8�^�W�aT��G�cL�M���I��(J����1~�8�?aT ���]����AS�E��(��*E}� 2��#I/�׍qz��^t�̔���b�Yz4x���t�){ OH��+(E��A&�N�������XT��o��"�XC��'���)}�J�z�p� ��~5�}�^����+�6����w��c��Q�|Lp�d�H��}�(�.|����k��c4^�"�����Z?ȕ ��a<�L�!039C� �Eu�C�F�Ew�ç ;�n?�*o���B�8�bʝ���'#Rqf���M}7����]����s2tcS{�\icTx;�\��7K���P���ʇ Z O-��~��c>"��?�������P��E��O�8��@�8��G��Q�g�a�Վ���󁶠�䧘��_%#r�>�1�z�a��eb��qcPѵ��n���#L��� =��׀t� L�7�`��V���A{�C:�g���e@�w1 Xp3�c3�ġ����p��M"'-�@n4���fG��B3�DJ�8[Jo�ߐ���gK)ƛ��$���� ���8�3�����+���� �����6�ʻ���� ���S�kI�*KZlT _`���?��K����QK�d����B`�s}�>���`��*�>��,*@J�d�oF*����弝��O}�k��s��]��y�ߘ��c1G�V���<=�7��7����6�q�PT��tXԀ�!9*4�4Tހ3XΛex�46���Y��D ����� �BdemDa����\�_l,��G�/���֌7���Y�](�xTt^%�GE�����4�}bT���ڹ�����;Y)���B�Q��u��>J/J �⮶.�XԄ��j�ݳ�+E��d ��r�5�_D�1 ��o�� �B�x�΢�#���<��W�����8���R6�@g�M�.��� dr�D��>(otU��@x=��~v���2� ӣ�d�oBd��3�eO�6�㣷�����ݜ6��6Y��Qz`��S��{���\P�~z m5{J/L��1������<�e�ͅPu�b�]�ϔ���'������f�b� Zpw��c`"��i���BD@:)ִ�:�]��hv�E�w���T�l��P���"Ju�}��وV J��G6��. J/�Qgl߭�e�����@�z�Zev2u�)]կ�����7x���s�M�-<ɯ�c��r�v�����@��$�ޮ}lk���a���'����>x��O\�ZFu>�����ck#��&:��`�$�ai�>2Δ����l���oF[h��lE�ܺ�Πk:)���`�� $[6�����9�����kOw�\|���8}������ބ:��񶐕��I�A1/�=�2[�,�!��.}gN#�u����b��� ~��݊��}34q����d�E��Lc��$��"�[q�U�硬g^��%B �z���r�pJ�ru%v\h1Y�ne`ǥ:g���pQM~�^�Xi� ��`S�:V29.�P���V�?B�k�� AEvw%�_�9C�Q����wKekPؠ�\�;Io d�{ ߞo�c1eP����\� `����E=���@K<�Y���eڼ�J���w����{av�F�'�M�@/J��+9p���|]�����Iw &`��8���&M�hg��[�{��Xj��%��Ӓ�$��(����ʹN���<>�I���RY���K2�NPlL�ɀ)��&e����B+ь����( � �JTx���_?EZ� }@ 6�U���뙢ط�z��dWI�n` D����噥�[��uV��"�G&Ú����2g�}&m��?ċ�"����Om#��������� ��{�ON��"S�X��Ne��ysQ���@Fn��Vg���dX�~nj�]J�<�K]:��FW��b�������62�=��5f����JKw��bf�X�55��~J �%^����:�-�QIE��P��v�nZum� z � ~ə ���� ���ة����;�f��\v���g�8�1��f24;�V���ǔ�)����9���1\��c��v�/'Ƞ�w�������$�4�R-��t���� e�6�/�ġ �̕Ecy�J���u�B���<�W�ַ~�w[B1L۲�-JS΂�{���΃������A��20�c#��@ 0!1@AP"#2Q`$3V�%45a6�FRUq��� ����^7ׅ,$n�������+��F�`��2X'��0vM��p�L=������5��8������u�p~���.�`r�����\���O��,ư�0oS ��_�M�����l���4�kv\JSd���x���SW�<��Ae�IX����������$I���w�:S���y���›R��9�Q[���,�5�;�@]�%���u�@ *ro�lbI �� ��+���%m:�͇ZV�����u�̉����θau<�fc�.����{�4Ա� �Q����*�Sm��8\ujqs]{kN���)qO�y�_*dJ�b�7���yQqI&9�ԌK!�M}�R�;������S�T���1���i[U�ɵz�]��U)V�S6���3$K{�ߊ<�(� E]Զ[ǼENg�����'�\?#)Dkf��J���o��v���'�%ƞ�&K�u�!��b�35LX�Ϸ��63$K�a�;�9>,R��W��3�3� d�JeTYE.Mϧ��-�o�j3+y��y^�c�������VO�9NV\nd�1 ��!͕_)a�v;����թ�M�lWR1��)El��P;��yوÏ�u 3�k�5Pr6<�⒲l�!˞*��u־�n�!�l:����UNW ��%��Chx8vL'��X�@��*��)���̮��ˍ��� ���D-M�+J�U�kvK����+�x8��cY������?�Ԡ��~3mo��|�u@[XeY�C�\Kp�x8�oC�C�&����N�~3-H���� ��MX�s�u<`���~"WL��$8ξ��3���a�)|:@�m�\���^�`�@ҷ)�5p+��6���p�%i)P M���ngc�����#0Aruz���RL+xSS?���ʮ}()#�t��mˇ!��0}}y����<�e� �-ή�Ԩ��X������ MF���ԙ~l L.3���}�V뽺�v�����멬��Nl�)�2����^�Iq��a��M��qG��T�����c3#������3U�Ǎ���}��לS�|qa��ڃ�+���-��2�f����/��bz��ڐ�� �ݼ[2�ç����k�X�2�* �Z�d���J�G����M*9W���s{��w���T��x��y,�in�O�v��]���n����P�$�JB@=4�OTI�n��e�22a\����q�d���%�$��(���:���: /*�K[PR�fr\nڙdN���F�n�$�4�[�� U�zƶ����� �mʋ���,�ao�u 3�z� �x��Kn����\[��VFmbE;�_U��&V�Gg�]L�۪&#n%�$ɯ�dG���D�TI=�%+AB�Ru#��b4�1�»x�cs�YzڙJG��f��Il��d�eF'T� iA��T���uC�$����Y��H?����[!G`}���ͪ� �纤Hv\������j�Ex�K���!���OiƸ�Yj�+u-<���'q����uN�*�r\��+�]���<�wOZ.fp�ێ��,-*)V?j-kÊ#�`�r��dV����(�ݽBk�����G�ƛk�QmUڗe��Z���f}|����8�8��a���i��3'J�����~G_�^���d�8w������ R�`(�~�.��u���l�s+g�bv���W���lGc}��u���afE~1�Ue������Z�0�8�=e�� f@/�jqEKQQ�J��oN��J���W5~M>$6�Lt�;$ʳ{���^��6�{����v6���ķܰg�V�cnn �~z�x�«�,2�u�?cE+Ș�H؎�%�Za�)���X>uW�Tz�Nyo����s���FQƤ��$��*�&�LLXL)�1�" L��eO��ɟ�9=���:t��Z���c��Ž���Y?�ӭV�wv�~,Y��r�ۗ�|�y��GaF�����C�����.�+� ���v1���fήJ�����]�S��T��B��n5sW}y�$��~z�'�c ��8 ��� ,! �p��VN�S��N�N�q��y8z˱�A��4��*��'������2n<�s���^ǧ˭P�Jޮɏ�U�G�L�J�*#��<�V��t7�8����TĜ>��i}K%,���)[��z�21z ?�N�i�n1?T�I�R#��m-�����������������1����lA�`��fT5+��ܐ�c�q՝��ʐ��,���3�f2U�եmab��#ŠdQ�y>\��)�SLY����w#��.���ʑ�f��� ,"+�w�~�N�'�c�O�3F�������N<���)j��&��,-� �љ���֊�_�zS���TǦ����w�>��?�������n��U仆�V���e�����0���$�C�d���rP �m�׈e�Xm�Vu� �L��.�bֹ��� �[Դaզ���*��\y�8�Է:�Ez\�0�Kq�C b��̘��cө���Q��=0Y��s�N��S.���3.���O�o:���#���v7�[#߫ ��5�܎�L���Er4���9n��COWlG�^��0k�%<���ZB���aB_���������'=��{i�v�l�$�uC���mƎҝ{�c㱼�y]���W�i ��ߧc��m�H� m�"�"�����;Y�ߝ�Z�Ǔ�����:S#��|}�y�,/k�Ld� TA�(�AI$+I3��;Y*���Z��}|��ӧO��d�v��..#:n��f>�>���ȶI�TX��� 8��y����"d�R�|�)0���=���n4��6ⲑ�+��r<�O�܂~zh�z����7ܓ�HH�Ga롏���nCo�>������a ���~]���R���̲c?�6(�q�;5%� |�uj�~z8R=X��I�V=�|{v�Gj\gc��q����z�؋%M�ߍ����1y��#��@f^���^�>N�����#x#۹��6�Y~�?�dfPO��{��P�4��V��u1E1J �*|���%���JN��`eWu�zk M6���q t[�� ��g�G���v��WIG��u_ft����5�j�"�Y�:T��ɐ���*�;� e5���4����q$C��2d�}���� _S�L#m�Yp��O�.�C�;��c����Hi#֩%+) �Ӎ��ƲV���SYź��g |���tj��3�8���r|���V��1#;.SQ�A[���S������#���`n�+���$��$I �P\[�@�s��(�ED�z���P��])8�G#��0B��[ى��X�II�q<��9�~[Z멜�Z�⊔IWU&A>�P~�#��dp<�?����7���c��'~���5 ��+$���lx@�M�dm��n<=e�dyX��?{�|Aef ,|n3�<~z�ƃ�uۧ�����P��Y,�ӥQ�*g�#먙R�\���;T��i,��[9Qi歉����c>]9�� ��"�c��P�� �Md?٥��If�ت�u��k��/����F��9�c*9��Ǎ:�ØF���z�n*�@|I�ށ9����N3{'��[�'ͬ�Ҳ4��#}��!�V� Fu��,�,mTIk���v C�7v���B�6k�T9��1�*l� '~��ƞF��lU��'�M ����][ΩũJ_�{�i�I�n��$���L�� j��O�dx�����kza۪��#�E��Cl����x˘�o�����V���ɞ�ljr��)�/,�߬h�L��#��^��L�ф�,íMƁe�̩�NB�L�����iL����q�}��(��q��6IçJ$�W�E$��:������=#����(�K�B����zђ <��K(�N�۫K�w��^O{!����)�H���>x�������lx�?>Պ�+�>�W���,Ly!_�D���Ō�l���Q�!�[ �S����J��1��Ɛ�Y}��b,+�Lo�x�ɓ)����=�y�oh�@�꥟/��I��ѭ=��P�y9��� �ۍYӘ�e+�p�Jnϱ?V\SO%�(�t� ���=?MR�[Ș�����d�/ ��n�l��B�7j� ��!�;ӥ�/�[-���A�>�dN�sLj ��,ɪv��=1c�.SQ�O3�U���ƀ�ܽ�E����������̻��9G�ϷD�7(�}��Ävӌ\�y�_0[w ���<΍>����a_��[0+�L��F.�޺��f�>oN�T����q;���y\��bՃ��y�jH�<|q-eɏ�_?_9+P���Hp$�����[ux�K w�Mw��N�ی'$Y2�=��q���KB��P��~������Yul:�[<����F1�2�O���5=d����]Y�sw:���Ϯ���E��j,_Q��X��z`H1,#II ��d�wr��P˂@�ZJV����y$�\y�{}��^~���[:N����ߌ�U�������O��d�����ؾe��${p>G��3c���Ė�lʌ�� ת��[��`ϱ�-W����dg�I��ig2��� ��}s ��ؤ(%#sS@���~���3�X�nRG�~\jc3�v��ӍL��M[JB�T��s3}��j�Nʖ��W����;7��ç?=X�F=-�=����q�ߚ���#���='�c��7���ڑW�I(O+=:uxq�������������e2�zi+�kuG�R��������0�&e�n���iT^J����~\jy���p'dtG��s����O��3����9* �b#Ɋ�� p������[Bws�T�>d4�ۧs���nv�n���U���_�~,�v����ƜJ1��s�� �QIz��)�(lv8M���U=�;����56��G���s#�K���MP�=��LvyGd��}�VwWBF�'�à �?MH�U�g2�� ����!�p�7Q��j��ڴ����=��j�u��� Jn�A s���uM������e��Ɔ�Ҕ�!)'��8Ϣ�ٔ��ޝ(��Vp���צ֖d=�IC�J�Ǡ{q������kԭ�߸���i��@K����u�|�p=..�*+����x�����z[Aqġ#s2a�Ɗ���RR�)*HRsi�~�a &f��M��P����-K�L@��Z��Xy�'x�{}��Zm+���:�)�) IJ�-i�u���� ���ܒH��'�L(7�y�GӜq���� j��� 6ߌg1�g�o���,kر���tY�?W,���p���e���f�OQS��!K�۟cҒA�|ս�j�>��=⬒��˧L[�� �߿2JaB~R��u�:��Q�] �0H~���]�7��Ƽ�I���(}��cq '�ήET���q�?f�ab���ӥvr� �)o��-Q��_'����ᴎo��K������;��V���o��%���~OK ����*��b�f:���-ťIR��`B�5!RB@���ï�� �u �̯e\�_U�_������� g�ES��3�������QT��a����x����U<~�c?�*�#]�MW,[8O�a�x��]�1bC|踤�P��lw5V%�)�{t�<��d��5���0i�XSU��m:��Z�┵�i�"��1�^B�-��P�hJ��&)O��*�D��c�W��vM��)����}���P��ܗ-q����\mmζZ-l@�}��a��E�6��F�@��&Sg@���ݚ�M����� ȹ 4����#p�\H����dYDo�H���"��\��..R�B�H�z_�/5˘����6��KhJR��P�mƶi�m���3�,#c�co��q�a)*Pt����R�m�k�7x�D�E�\Y�閣_X�<���~�)���c[[�BP����6�Yq���S��0����%_����;��Àv�~�| VS؇ ��'O0��F0��\���U�-�d@�����7�SJ*z��3n��y��P����O���������m�~�P�3|Y��ʉr#�C�<�G~�.,! ���bqx���h~0=��!ǫ�jy����l�O,�[B��~��|9��ٱ����Xly�#�i�B��g%�S��������tˋ���e���ې��\[d�t)��.+u�|1 ������#�~Oj����hS�%��i.�~X���I�H�m��0n���c�1uE�q��cF�RF�o���7� �O�ꮧ� ���ۛ{��ʛi5�rw?׌#Qn�TW��~?y$��m\�\o����%W� ?=>S�N@�� �Ʈ���R����N�)�r"C�:��:����� �����#��qb��Y�. �6[��2K����2u�Ǧ�HYR��Q�MV��� �G�$��Q+.>�����nNH��q�^��� ����q��mM��V��D�+�-�#*�U�̒ ���p욳��u:�������IB���m���PV@O���r[b= �� ��1U�E��_Nm�yKbN�O���U�}�the�`�|6֮P>�\2�P�V���I�D�i�P�O;�9�r�mAHG�W�S]��J*�_�G��+kP�2����Ka�Z���H�'K�x�W�MZ%�O�YD�Rc+o��?�q��Ghm��d�S�oh�\�D�|:W������UA�Qc yT�q������~^�H��/��#p�CZ���T�I�1�ӏT����4��"�ČZ�����}��`w�#�*,ʹ�� ��0�i��課�Om�*�da��^gJ݅{���l�e9uF#T�ֲ��̲�ٞC"�q���ߍ ոޑ�o#�XZTp����@ o�8��(jd��xw�]�,f���`~�|,s��^����f�1���t��|��m�򸄭/ctr��5s��7�9Q�4�H1꠲BB@l9@���C�����+�wp�xu�£Yc�9��?`@#�o�mH�s2��)�=��2�.�l����jg�9$�Y�S�%*L������R�Y������7Z���,*=�䷘$�������arm�o�ϰ���UW.|�r�uf����IGw�t����Zwo��~5 ��YյhO+=8fF�)�W�7�L9lM�̘·Y���֘YLf�큹�pRF���99.A �"wz��=E\Z���'a� 2��Ǚ�#;�'}�G���*��l��^"q��+2FQ� hj��kŦ��${���ޮ-�T�٭cf�|�3#~�RJ����t��$b�(R��(����r���dx� >U b�&9,>���%E\� Ά�e�$��'�q't��*�א���ެ�b��-|d���SB�O�O��$�R+�H�)�܎�K��1m`;�J�2�Y~9��O�g8=vqD`K[�F)k�[���1m޼c��n���]s�k�z$@��)!I �x՝"v��9=�ZA=`Ɠi �:�E��)`7��vI��}d�YI�_ �o�:ob���o ���3Q��&D&�2=�� �Ά��;>�h����y.*ⅥS������Ӭ�+q&����j|UƧ����}���J0��WW< ۋS�)jQR�j���Ư��rN)�Gű�4Ѷ(�S)Ǣ�8��i��W52���No˓� ۍ%�5brOn�L�;�n��\G����=�^U�dI���8$�&���h��'���+�(������cȁ߫k�l��S^���cƗjԌE�ꭔ��gF���Ȓ��@���}O���*;e�v�WV���YJ\�]X'5��ղ�k�F��b 6R�o՜m��i N�i����>J����?��lPm�U��}>_Z&�KK��q�r��I�D�Չ~�q�3fL�:S�e>���E���-G���{L�6p�e,8��������QI��h��a�Xa��U�A'���ʂ���s�+טIjP�-��y�8ۈZ?J$��W�P� ��R�s�]��|�l(�ԓ��sƊi��o(��S0��Y� 8�T97.�����WiL��c�~�dxc�E|�2!�X�K�Ƙਫ਼�$((�6�~|d9u+�qd�^3�89��Y�6L�.I�����?���iI�q���9�)O/뚅����O���X��X�V��ZF[�یgQ�L��K1���RҖr@v�#��X�l��F���Нy�S�8�7�kF!A��sM���^rkp�jP�DyS$N���q��nxҍ!U�f�!eh�i�2�m���`�Y�I�9r�6� �TF���C}/�y�^���Η���5d�'��9A-��J��>{�_l+�`��A���[�'��յ�ϛ#w:݅�%��X�}�&�PSt�Q�"�-��\縵�/����$Ɨh�Xb�*�y��BS����;W�ջ_mc�����vt?2}1�;qS�d�d~u:2k5�2�R�~�z+|HE!)�Ǟl��7`��0�<�,�2*���Hl-��x�^����'_TV�gZA�'j� ^�2Ϊ��N7t�����?w�� �x1��f��Iz�C-Ȗ��K�^q�;���-W�DvT�7��8�Z�������� hK�(P:��Q- �8�n�Z���܃e貾�<�1�YT<�,�����"�6{/ �?�͟��|1�:�#g��W�>$����d��J��d�B��=��jf[��%rE^��il:��B���x���Sּ�1հ��,�=��*�7 fcG��#q� �eh?��2�7�����,�!7x��6�n�LC�4x��},Geǝ�tC.��vS �F�43��zz\��;QYC,6����~;RYS/6���|2���5���v��T��i����������mlv��������&� �nRh^ejR�LG�f���? �ۉҬܦƩ��|��Ȱ����>3����!v��i�ʯ�>�v��オ�X3e���_1z�Kȗ\<������!�8���V��]��?b�k41�Re��T�q��mz��TiOʦ�Z��Xq���L������q"+���2ۨ��8}�&N7XU7Ap�d�X��~�׿��&4e�o�F��� �H����O���č�c�� 懴�6���͉��+)��v;j��ݷ�� �UV�� i��� j���Y9GdÒJ1��詞�����V?h��l����l�cGs�ځ�������y�Ac�����\V3�? �� ܙg�>qH�S,�E�W�[�㺨�uch�⍸�O�}���a��>�q�6�n6����N6�q������N ! 1AQaq�0@����"2BRb�#Pr���3C`��Scst���$4D���%Td�� ?���N����a��3��m���C���w��������xA�m�q�m���m������$����4n淿t'��C"w��zU=D�\R+w�p+Y�T�&�պ@��ƃ��3ޯ?�Aﶂ��aŘ���@-�����Q�=���9D��ռ�ѻ@��M�V��P��܅�G5�f�Y<�u=,EC)�<�Fy'�"�&�չ�X~f��l�KԆV��?�� �W�N����=(� �;���{�r����ٌ�Y���h{�١������jW����P���Tc�����X�K�r��}���w�R��%��?���E��m�� �Y�q|����\lEE4���r���}�lsI�Y������f�$�=�d�yO����p�����yBj8jU�o�/�S��?�U��*������ˍ�0������u�q�m [�?f����a�� )Q�>����6#������� ?����0UQ����,IX���(6ڵ[�DI�MNލ�c&���υ�j\��X�R|,4��� j������T�hA�e��^���d���b<����n�� �즇�=!���3�^�`j�h�ȓr��jẕ�c�,ٞX����-����a�ﶔ���#�$��]w�O��Ӫ�1y%��L�Y<�wg#�ǝ�̗`�x�xa�t�w��»1���o7o5��>�m뭛C���Uƃߜ}�C���y1Xνm�F8�jI���]����H���ۺиE@I�i;r�8ӭ����V�F�Շ| ��&?�3|x�B�MuS�Ge�=Ӕ�#BE5G�����Y!z��_e��q�р/W>|-�Ci߇�t�1ޯќd�R3�u��g�=0 5��[?�#͏��q�cf���H��{ ?u�=?�?ǯ���}Z��z���hmΔ�BFTW�����<�q�(v� ��!��z���iW]*�J�V�z��gX֧A�q�&��/w���u�gYӘa���; �i=����g:��?2�dž6�ى�k�4�>�Pxs����}������G�9��3 ���)gG�R<>r h�$��'nc�h�P��Bj��J�ҧH� -��N1���N��?��~��}-q!=��_2hc�M��l�vY%UE�@|�v����M2�.Y[|y�"Eï��K�ZF,�ɯ?,q�?v�M 80jx�"�;�9vk�����+ ֧�� �ȺU��?�%�vcV��mA�6��Qg^M����A}�3�nl� QRN�l8�kkn�'�����(��M�7m9و�q���%ޟ���*h$Zk"��$�9��: �?U8�Sl��,,|ɒ��xH(ѷ����Gn�/Q�4�P��G�%��Ա8�N��!� �&�7�;���eKM7�4��9R/%����l�c>�x;������>��C�:�����t��h?aKX�bhe�ᜋ^�$�Iհ �hr7%F$�E��Fd���t��5���+�(M6�t����Ü�UU|zW�=a�Ts�Tg������dqP�Q����b'�m���1{|Y����X�N��b �P~��F^F:����k6�"�j!�� �I�r�`��1&�-$�Bevk:y���#yw��I0��x��=D�4��tU���P�ZH��ڠ底taP��6����b>�xa����Q�#� WeF��ŮNj�p�J* mQ�N����*I�-*�ȩ�F�g�3 �5��V�ʊ�ɮ�a��5F���O@{���NX��?����H�]3��1�Ri_u��������ѕ�� ����0��� F��~��:60�p�͈�S��qX#a�5>���`�o&+�<2�D����: �������ڝ�$�nP���*)�N�|y�Ej�F�5ټ�e���ihy�Z �>���k�bH�a�v��h�-#���!�Po=@k̆IEN��@��}Ll?j�O������߭�ʞ���Q|A07x���wt!xf���I2?Z��<ץ�T���cU�j��]��陎Ltl �}5�ϓ��$�,��O�mˊ�;�@O��jE��j(�ا,��LX���LO���Ц�90�O �.����a��nA���7������j4 ��W��_ٓ���zW�jcB������y՗+EM�)d���N�g6�y1_x��p�$Lv:��9�"z��p���ʙ$��^��JԼ*�ϭ����o���=x�Lj�6�J��u82�A�H�3$�ٕ@�=Vv�]�'�qEz�;I˼��)��=��ɯ���x �/�W(V���p�����$ �m�������u�����񶤑Oqˎ�T����r��㠚x�sr�GC��byp�G��1ߠ�w e�8�$⿄����/�M{*}��W�]˷.�CK\�ުx���/$�WPw���r� |i���&�}�{�X� �>��$-��l���?-z���g����lΆ���(F���h�vS*���b���߲ڡn,|)mrH[���a�3�ר�[1��3o_�U�3�TC�$��(�=�)0�kgP���� ��u�^=��4 �WYCҸ:��vQ�ר�X�à��tk�m,�t*��^�,�}D*� �"(�I��9R����>`�`��[~Q]�#af��i6l��8���6�:,s�s�N6�j"�A4���IuQ��6E,�GnH��zS�HO�uk�5$�I�4��ؤ�Q9�@��C����wp�BGv[]�u�Ov���0I4���\��y�����Q�Ѹ��~>Z��8�T��a��q�ޣ;z��a���/��S��I:�ܫ_�|������>=Z����8:�S��U�I�J��"IY���8%b8���H��:�QO�6�;7�I�S��J��ҌAά3��>c���E+&jf$eC+�z�;��V����� �r���ʺ������my�e���aQ�f&��6�ND��.:��NT�vm�<- u���ǝ\MvZY�N�NT��-A�>jr!S��n�O 1�3�Ns�%�3D@���`������ܟ 1�^c<���� �a�ɽ�̲�Xë#�w�|y�cW�=�9I*H8�p�^(4���՗�k��arOcW�tO�\�ƍR��8����'�K���I�Q�����?5�>[�}��yU�ײ -h��=��% q�ThG�2�)���"ו3]�!kB��*p�FDl�A���,�eEi�H�f�Ps�����5�H:�Փ~�H�0Dت�D�I����h�F3�������c��2���E��9�H��5�zԑ�ʚ�i�X�=:m�xg�hd(�v����׊�9iS��O��d@0ڽ���:�p�5�h-��t�&���X�q�ӕ,��ie�|���7A�2���O%P��E��htj��Y1��w�Ѓ!����  ���� ࢽ��My�7�\�a�@�ţ�J �4�Ȼ�F�@o�̒?4�wx��)��]�P��~�����u�����5�����7X ��9��^ܩ�U;Iꭆ 5 �������eK2�7(�{|��Y׎ �V��\"���Z�1� Z�����}��(�Ǝ"�1S���_�vE30>���p;� ΝD��%x�W�?W?v����o�^V�i�d��r[��/&>�~`�9Wh��y�;���R��� ;;ɮT��?����r$�g1�K����A��C��c��K��l:�'��3 c�ﳯ*"t8�~l��)���m��+U,z��`(�>yJ�?����h>��]��v��ЍG*�{`��;y]��I�T� ;c��NU�fo¾h���/$���|NS���1�S�"�H��V���T���4��uhǜ�]�v;���5�͠x��'C\�SBpl���h}�N����� A�Bx���%��ޭ�l��/����T��w�ʽ]D�=����K���ž�r㻠l4�S�O?=�k �M:� ��c�C�a�#ha���)�ѐxc�s���gP�iG��{+���x���Q���I= �� z��ԫ+ �8"�k�ñ�j=|����c ��y��CF��/��*9ж�h{ �?4�o� ��k�m�Q�N�x��;�Y��4膚�a�w?�6�>e]�����Q�r�:����g�,i"�����ԩA�*M�<�G��b�if��l^M��5� �Ҩ�{����6J��ZJ�����P�*�����Y���ݛu�_4�9�I8�7���������,^ToR���m4�H��?�N�S�ѕw��/S��甍�@�9H�S�T��t�ƻ���ʒU��*{Xs�@����f�����֒Li�K{H�w^���������Ϥm�tq���s� ���ք��f:��o~s��g�r��ט� �S�ѱC�e]�x���a��) ���(b-$(�j>�7q�B?ӕ�F��hV25r[7 Y� }L�R��}����*sg+��x�r�2�U=�*'WS��ZDW]�WǞ�<��叓���{�$�9Ou4��y�90-�1�'*D`�c�^o?(�9��u���ݐ��'PI&� f�Jݮ�������:wS����jfP1F:X �H�9dԯ���˝[�_54 �}*;@�ܨ�� ð�yn�T���?�ןd�#���4rG�ͨ��H�1�|-#���Mr�S3��G�3�����)�.᧏3v�z֑��r����$G"�`j �1t��x0<Ɔ�Wh6�y�6��,œ�Ga��gA����y��b��)��h�D��ß�_�m��ü �gG;��e�v��ݝ�nQ� ��C����-�*��o���y�a��M��I�>�<���]obD��"�:���G�A��-\%LT�8���c�)��+y76���o�Q�#*{�(F�⽕�y����=���rW�\p���۩�c���A���^e6��K������ʐ�cVf5$�'->���ՉN"���F�"�UQ@�f��Gb~��#�&�M=��8�ט�JNu9��D��[̤�s�o�~������ G��9T�tW^g5y$b��Y'��س�Ǵ�=��U-2 #�MC�t(�i� �lj�@Q 5�̣i�*�O����s�x�K�f��}\��M{E�V�{�υ��Ƈ�����);�H����I��fe�Lȣr�2��>��W�I�Ȃ6������i��k�� �5�YOxȺ����>��Y�f5'��|��H+��98pj�n�.O�y�������jY��~��i�w'������l�;�s�2��Y��:'lg�ꥴ)o#'Sa�a�K��Z� �m��}�`169�n���"���x��I ��*+� }F<��cГ���F�P�������ֹ*�PqX�x۩��,� ��N�� �4<-����%����:��7����W���u�`����� $�?�I��&����o��o��`v�>��P��"��l���4��5'�Z�gE���8���?��[�X�7(��.Q�-��*���ތL@̲����v��.5���[��=�t\+�CNܛ��,g�SQnH����}*F�G16���&:�t��4ُ"A��̣��$�b �|����#rs��a�����T�� ]�<�j��BS�('$�ɻ� �wP;�/�n��?�ݜ��x�F��yUn�~mL*-�������Xf�wd^�a�}��f�,=t�׵i�.2/wpN�Ep8�OР���•��R�FJ� 55TZ��T �ɭ�<��]��/�0�r�@�f��V��V����Nz�G��^���7hZi����k��3�,kN�e|�vg�1{9]_i��X5y7� 8e]�U����'�-2,���e"����]ot�I��Y_��n�(JҼ��1�O ]bXc���Nu�No��pS���Q_���_�?i�~�x h5d'�(qw52] ��'ޤ�q��o1�R!���`ywy�A4u���h<קy���\[~�4�\ X�Wt/� 6�����n�F�a8��f���z �3$�t(���q��q�x��^�XWeN'p<-v�!�{�(>ӽDP7��ո0�y)�e$ٕv�Ih'Q�EA�m*�H��RI��=:��� ���4牢) �%_iN�ݧ�l]� �Nt���G��H�L��� ɱ�g<���1V�,�J~�ٹ�"K��Q�� 9�HS�9�?@��k����r�;we݁�]I�!{ �@�G�[�"��`���J:�n]�{�cA�E����V��ʆ���#��U9�6����j�#Y�m\��q�e4h�B�7��C�������d<�?J����1g:ٳ���=Y���D�p�ц� ׈ǔ��1�]26؜oS�'��9�V�FVu�P�h�9�xc�oq�X��p�o�5��Ա5$�9W�V(�[Ak�aY錎qf;�'�[�|���b�6�Ck��)��#a#a˙��8���=äh�4��2��C��4tm^ �n'c���]GQ$[Wҿ��i���vN�{Fu ��1�gx��1┷���N�m��{j-,��x�� Ūm�ЧS�[�s���Gna���䑴�� x�p 8<������97�Q���ϴ�v�aϚG��Rt�Һ׈�f^\r��WH�JU�7Z���y)�vg=����n��4�_)y��D'y�6�]�c�5̪�\� �PF�k����&�c;��cq�$~T�7j ���nç]�<�g ":�to�t}�159�<�/�8������m�b�K#g'I'.W�����6��I/��>v��\�MN��g���m�A�yQL�4u�Lj�j9��#44�t��l^�}L����n��R��!��t��±]��r��h6ٍ>�yҏ�N��fU�� ���� Fm@�8}�/u��jb9������he:A�y�ծw��GpΧh�5����l}�3p468��)U��d��c����;Us/�֔�YX�1�O2��uq�s��`hwg�r~�{ R��mhN��؎*q 42�*th��>�#���E����#��Hv�O����q�}�����6�e��\�,Wk�#���X��b>��p}�դ��3���T5��†��6��[��@�P�y*n��|'f�֧>�lư΂�̺����SU�'*�q�p�_S�����M�� '��c�6�����m�� ySʨ;M��r���Ƌ�m�Kxo,���Gm�P��A�G�:��i��w�9�}M(�^�V��$ǒ�ѽ�9���|���� �a����J�SQ�a���r�B;����}���ٻ֢�2�%U���c�#�g���N�a�ݕ�'�v�[�OY'��3L�3�;,p�]@�S��{ls��X�'���c�jw�k'a�.��}�}&�� �dP�*�bK=ɍ!����;3n�gΊU�ߴmt�'*{,=SzfD� A��ko~�G�aoq�_mi}#�m�������P�Xhύ����mxǍ�΂���巿zf��Q���c���|kc�����?���W��Y�$���_Lv����l߶��c���`?����l�j�ݲˏ!V��6����U�Ђ(A���4y)H���p�Z_�x��>���e��R��$�/�`^'3qˏ�-&Q�=?��CFVR �D�fV�9��{�8g�������n�h�(P"��6�[�D���< E�����~0<@�`�G�6����Hг�cc�� �c�K.5��D��d�B���`?�XQ��2��ٿyqo&+�1^� DW�0�ꊩ���G�#��Q�nL3��c���������/��x ��1�1[y�x�პCW��C�c�UĨ80�m�e�4.{�m��u���I=��f�����0QRls9���f���������9���~f�����Ǩ��a�"@�8���ȁ�Q����#c�ic������G��$���G���r/$W�(��W���V�"��m�7�[m�A�m����bo��D� j����۳� l���^�k�h׽����� ��#� iXn�v��eT�k�a�^Y�4�BN��ĕ��0 !01@Q"2AaPq3BR������?���@4�Q�����T3,���㺠�W�[=JK�Ϟ���2�r^7��vc�:�9 �E�ߴ�w�S#d���Ix��u��:��Hp��9E!�� V 2;73|F��9Y���*ʬ�F��D����u&���y؟��^EA��A��(ɩ���^��GV:ݜDy�`��Jr29ܾ�㝉��[���E;Fzx��YG��U�e�Y�C���� ����v-tx����I�sם�Ę�q��Eb�+P\ :>�i�C'�;�����k|z�رn�y]�#ǿb��Q��������w�����(�r|ӹs��[�D��2v-%��@;�8<a���[\o[ϧw��I!��*0�krs)�[�J9^��ʜ��p1)� "��/_>��o��<1����A�E�y^�C��`�x1'ܣn�p��s`l���fQ��):�l����b>�Me�jH^?�kl3(�z:���1ŠK&?Q�~�{�ٺ�h�y���/�[��V�|6��}�KbX����mn[-��7�5q�94�������dm���c^���h� X��5��<�eޘ>G���-�}�دB�ޟ� ��|�rt�M��V+�]�c?�-#ڛ��^ǂ}���Lkr���O��u�>�-D�ry� D?:ޞ�U��ǜ�7�V��?瓮�"�#���r��չģVR;�n���/_� ؉v�ݶe5d�b9��/O��009�G���5n�W����JpA�*�r9�>�1��.[t���s�F���nQ� V 77R�]�ɫ8����_0<՜�IF�u(v��4��F�k�3��E)��N:��yڮe��P�`�1}�$WS��J�SQ�N�j�ٺ��޵�#l���ј(�5=��5�lǏmoW�v-�1����v,W�mn��߀$x�<����v�j(����c]��@#��1������Ǔ���o'��u+����;G�#�޸��v-lη��/(`i⣍Pm^���ԯ̾9Z��F��������n��1��� ��]�[��)�'������:�֪�W��FC����� �B9،!?���]��V��A�Վ�M��b�w��G F>_DȬ0¤�#�QR�[V��kz���m�w�"��9ZG�7'[��=�Q����j8R?�zf�\a�=��O�U����*oB�A�|G���2�54 �p��.w7� �� ��&������ξxGHp� B%��$g�����t�Џ򤵍z���HN�u�Я�-�'4��0��;_��3 !01"@AQa2Pq#3BR������?��ʩca��en��^��8���<�u#��m*08r��y�N"�<�Ѳ0��@\�p��� �����Kv�D��J8�Fҽ� �f�Y��-m�ybX�NP����}�!*8t(�OqѢ��Q�wW�K��ZD��Δ^e��!� ��B�K��p~�����e*l}z#9ң�k���q#�Ft�o��S�R����-�w�!�S���Ӥß|M�l޶V��!eˈ�8Y���c�ЮM2��tk���� ������J�fS����Ö*i/2�����n]�k�\���|4yX�8��U�P.���Ы[���l��@"�t�<������5�lF���vU�����W��W��;�b�cД^6[#7@vU�xgZv��F�6��Q,K�v��� �+Ъ��n��Ǣ��Ft���8��0��c�@�!�Zq s�v�t�;#](B��-�nῃ~���3g������5�J�%���O������n�kB�ĺ�.r��+���#�N$?�q�/�s�6��p��a����a��J/��M�8��6�ܰ"�*������ɗud"\w���aT(����[��F��U՛����RT�b���n�*��6���O��SJ�.�ij<�v�MT��R\c��5l�sZB>F��<7�;EA��{��E���Ö��1U/�#��d1�a�n.1ě����0�ʾR�h��|�R��Ao�3�m3 ��%�� ���28Q� ��y��φ���H�To�7�lW>����#i`�q���c����a��� �m,B�-j����݋�'mR1Ήt�>��V��p���s�0IbI�C.���1R�ea�����]H�6����������4B>��o��](��$B���m�����a�!=��?�B� K�Ǿ+�Ծ"�n���K��*��+��[T#�{E�J�S����Q�����s�5�:�U�\wĐ�f�3����܆&�)����I���Ԇw��E T�lrTf6Q|R�h:��[K�� �z��c֧�G�C��%\��_�a�84��HcO�bi��ؖV��7H �)*ģK~Xhչ0��4?�0��� �E<���}3���#���u�?�� ��|g�S�6ꊤ�|�I#Hڛ� �ա��w�X��9��7���Ŀ%�SL��y6č��|�F�a 8���b��$�sק�h���b9RAu7�˨p�Č�_\*w��묦��F ����4D~�f����|(�"m���NK��i�S�>�$d7SlA��/�²����SL��|6N�}���S�˯���g��]6��; �#�.��<���q'Q�1|KQ$�����񛩶"�$r�b:���N8�w@��8$�� �AjfG|~�9F ���Y��ʺ��Bwؒ������M:I岎�G��`s�YV5����6��A �b:�W���G�q%l�����F��H���7�������Fsv7��k�� 403WebShell
403Webshell
Server IP : 213.165.242.4  /  Your IP : 216.73.216.249
Web Server : Apache
System : Linux amsngx344.inmotionhosting.com 4.18.0-553.40.1.lve.el8.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Feb 12 18:54:57 UTC 2025 x86_64
User : aquafi9 ( 1305)
PHP Version : 7.4.33
Disable Function : NONE
MySQL : OFF  |  cURL : ON  |  WGET : ON  |  Perl : ON  |  Python : ON  |  Sudo : ON  |  Pkexec : ON
Directory :  /proc/self/root/opt/imh-python/lib/python2.7/test/

Upload File :
current_dir [ Writeable ] document_root [ Writeable ]

 

Command :


[ Back ]     

Current File : /proc/self/root/opt/imh-python/lib/python2.7/test/test_subprocess.py
import unittest
from test import test_support
import subprocess
import sys
import signal
import os
import errno
import tempfile
import time
import re
import sysconfig

try:
    import resource
except ImportError:
    resource = None
try:
    import threading
except ImportError:
    threading = None

mswindows = (sys.platform == "win32")

#
# Depends on the following external programs: Python
#

if mswindows:
    SETBINARY = ('import msvcrt; msvcrt.setmode(sys.stdout.fileno(), '
                                                'os.O_BINARY);')
else:
    SETBINARY = ''


class BaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        # Try to minimize the number of children we have so this test
        # doesn't crash on some buildbots (Alphas in particular).
        test_support.reap_children()

    def tearDown(self):
        for inst in subprocess._active:
            inst.wait()
        subprocess._cleanup()
        self.assertFalse(subprocess._active, "subprocess._active not empty")

    def assertStderrEqual(self, stderr, expected, msg=None):
        # In a debug build, stuff like "[6580 refs]" is printed to stderr at
        # shutdown time.  That frustrates tests trying to check stderr produced
        # from a spawned Python process.
        actual = re.sub(r"\[\d+ refs\]\r?\n?$", "", stderr)
        self.assertEqual(actual, expected, msg)


class PopenTestException(Exception):
    pass


class PopenExecuteChildRaises(subprocess.Popen):
    """Popen subclass for testing cleanup of subprocess.PIPE filehandles when
    _execute_child fails.
    """
    def _execute_child(self, *args, **kwargs):
        raise PopenTestException("Forced Exception for Test")


class ProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):

    def test_call_seq(self):
        # call() function with sequence argument
        rc = subprocess.call([sys.executable, "-c",
                              "import sys; sys.exit(47)"])
        self.assertEqual(rc, 47)

    def test_check_call_zero(self):
        # check_call() function with zero return code
        rc = subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, "-c",
                                    "import sys; sys.exit(0)"])
        self.assertEqual(rc, 0)

    def test_check_call_nonzero(self):
        # check_call() function with non-zero return code
        with self.assertRaises(subprocess.CalledProcessError) as c:
            subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, "-c",
                                   "import sys; sys.exit(47)"])
        self.assertEqual(c.exception.returncode, 47)

    def test_check_output(self):
        # check_output() function with zero return code
        output = subprocess.check_output(
                [sys.executable, "-c", "print 'BDFL'"])
        self.assertIn('BDFL', output)

    def test_check_output_nonzero(self):
        # check_call() function with non-zero return code
        with self.assertRaises(subprocess.CalledProcessError) as c:
            subprocess.check_output(
                    [sys.executable, "-c", "import sys; sys.exit(5)"])
        self.assertEqual(c.exception.returncode, 5)

    def test_check_output_stderr(self):
        # check_output() function stderr redirected to stdout
        output = subprocess.check_output(
                [sys.executable, "-c", "import sys; sys.stderr.write('BDFL')"],
                stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
        self.assertIn('BDFL', output)

    def test_check_output_stdout_arg(self):
        # check_output() function stderr redirected to stdout
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as c:
            output = subprocess.check_output(
                    [sys.executable, "-c", "print 'will not be run'"],
                    stdout=sys.stdout)
            self.fail("Expected ValueError when stdout arg supplied.")
        self.assertIn('stdout', c.exception.args[0])

    def test_call_kwargs(self):
        # call() function with keyword args
        newenv = os.environ.copy()
        newenv["FRUIT"] = "banana"
        rc = subprocess.call([sys.executable, "-c",
                              'import sys, os;'
                              'sys.exit(os.getenv("FRUIT")=="banana")'],
                             env=newenv)
        self.assertEqual(rc, 1)

    def test_invalid_args(self):
        # Popen() called with invalid arguments should raise TypeError
        # but Popen.__del__ should not complain (issue #12085)
        with test_support.captured_stderr() as s:
            self.assertRaises(TypeError, subprocess.Popen, invalid_arg_name=1)
            argcount = subprocess.Popen.__init__.__code__.co_argcount
            too_many_args = [0] * (argcount + 1)
            self.assertRaises(TypeError, subprocess.Popen, *too_many_args)
        self.assertEqual(s.getvalue(), '')

    def test_stdin_none(self):
        # .stdin is None when not redirected
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", 'print "banana"'],
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.addCleanup(p.stderr.close)
        p.wait()
        self.assertEqual(p.stdin, None)

    def test_stdout_none(self):
        # .stdout is None when not redirected, and the child's stdout will
        # be inherited from the parent.  In order to test this we run a
        # subprocess in a subprocess:
        # this_test
        #   \-- subprocess created by this test (parent)
        #          \-- subprocess created by the parent subprocess (child)
        # The parent doesn't specify stdout, so the child will use the
        # parent's stdout.  This test checks that the message printed by the
        # child goes to the parent stdout.  The parent also checks that the
        # child's stdout is None.  See #11963.
        code = ('import sys; from subprocess import Popen, PIPE;'
                'p = Popen([sys.executable, "-c", "print \'test_stdout_none\'"],'
                '          stdin=PIPE, stderr=PIPE);'
                'p.wait(); assert p.stdout is None;')
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", code],
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.addCleanup(p.stderr.close)
        out, err = p.communicate()
        self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 0, err)
        self.assertEqual(out.rstrip(), 'test_stdout_none')

    def test_stderr_none(self):
        # .stderr is None when not redirected
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", 'print "banana"'],
                         stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdin.close)
        p.wait()
        self.assertEqual(p.stderr, None)

    def test_executable_with_cwd(self):
        python_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(sys.executable))
        p = subprocess.Popen(["somethingyoudonthave", "-c",
                              "import sys; sys.exit(47)"],
                             executable=sys.executable, cwd=python_dir)
        p.wait()
        self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 47)

    @unittest.skipIf(sysconfig.is_python_build(),
                     "need an installed Python. See #7774")
    def test_executable_without_cwd(self):
        # For a normal installation, it should work without 'cwd'
        # argument.  For test runs in the build directory, see #7774.
        p = subprocess.Popen(["somethingyoudonthave", "-c",
                              "import sys; sys.exit(47)"],
                             executable=sys.executable)
        p.wait()
        self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 47)

    def test_stdin_pipe(self):
        # stdin redirection
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                         'import sys; sys.exit(sys.stdin.read() == "pear")'],
                        stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
        p.stdin.write("pear")
        p.stdin.close()
        p.wait()
        self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 1)

    def test_stdin_filedes(self):
        # stdin is set to open file descriptor
        tf = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
        d = tf.fileno()
        os.write(d, "pear")
        os.lseek(d, 0, 0)
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                         'import sys; sys.exit(sys.stdin.read() == "pear")'],
                         stdin=d)
        p.wait()
        self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 1)

    def test_stdin_fileobj(self):
        # stdin is set to open file object
        tf = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
        tf.write("pear")
        tf.seek(0)
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                         'import sys; sys.exit(sys.stdin.read() == "pear")'],
                         stdin=tf)
        p.wait()
        self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 1)

    def test_stdout_pipe(self):
        # stdout redirection
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                          'import sys; sys.stdout.write("orange")'],
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.assertEqual(p.stdout.read(), "orange")

    def test_stdout_filedes(self):
        # stdout is set to open file descriptor
        tf = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
        d = tf.fileno()
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                          'import sys; sys.stdout.write("orange")'],
                         stdout=d)
        p.wait()
        os.lseek(d, 0, 0)
        self.assertEqual(os.read(d, 1024), "orange")

    def test_stdout_fileobj(self):
        # stdout is set to open file object
        tf = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                          'import sys; sys.stdout.write("orange")'],
                         stdout=tf)
        p.wait()
        tf.seek(0)
        self.assertEqual(tf.read(), "orange")

    def test_stderr_pipe(self):
        # stderr redirection
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                          'import sys; sys.stderr.write("strawberry")'],
                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.addCleanup(p.stderr.close)
        self.assertStderrEqual(p.stderr.read(), "strawberry")

    def test_stderr_filedes(self):
        # stderr is set to open file descriptor
        tf = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
        d = tf.fileno()
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                          'import sys; sys.stderr.write("strawberry")'],
                         stderr=d)
        p.wait()
        os.lseek(d, 0, 0)
        self.assertStderrEqual(os.read(d, 1024), "strawberry")

    def test_stderr_fileobj(self):
        # stderr is set to open file object
        tf = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                          'import sys; sys.stderr.write("strawberry")'],
                         stderr=tf)
        p.wait()
        tf.seek(0)
        self.assertStderrEqual(tf.read(), "strawberry")

    def test_stderr_redirect_with_no_stdout_redirect(self):
        # test stderr=STDOUT while stdout=None (not set)

        # - grandchild prints to stderr
        # - child redirects grandchild's stderr to its stdout
        # - the parent should get grandchild's stderr in child's stdout
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                              'import sys, subprocess;'
                              'rc = subprocess.call([sys.executable, "-c",'
                              '    "import sys;"'
                              '    "sys.stderr.write(\'42\')"],'
                              '    stderr=subprocess.STDOUT);'
                              'sys.exit(rc)'],
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
        #NOTE: stdout should get stderr from grandchild
        self.assertStderrEqual(stdout, b'42')
        self.assertStderrEqual(stderr, b'') # should be empty
        self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 0)

    def test_stdout_stderr_pipe(self):
        # capture stdout and stderr to the same pipe
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                          'import sys;'
                          'sys.stdout.write("apple");'
                          'sys.stdout.flush();'
                          'sys.stderr.write("orange")'],
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.assertStderrEqual(p.stdout.read(), "appleorange")

    def test_stdout_stderr_file(self):
        # capture stdout and stderr to the same open file
        tf = tempfile.TemporaryFile()
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                          'import sys;'
                          'sys.stdout.write("apple");'
                          'sys.stdout.flush();'
                          'sys.stderr.write("orange")'],
                         stdout=tf,
                         stderr=tf)
        p.wait()
        tf.seek(0)
        self.assertStderrEqual(tf.read(), "appleorange")

    def test_stdout_filedes_of_stdout(self):
        # stdout is set to 1 (#1531862).
        # To avoid printing the text on stdout, we do something similar to
        # test_stdout_none (see above).  The parent subprocess calls the child
        # subprocess passing stdout=1, and this test uses stdout=PIPE in
        # order to capture and check the output of the parent. See #11963.
        code = ('import sys, subprocess; '
                'rc = subprocess.call([sys.executable, "-c", '
                '    "import os, sys; sys.exit(os.write(sys.stdout.fileno(), '
                     '\'test with stdout=1\'))"], stdout=1); '
                'assert rc == 18')
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", code],
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.addCleanup(p.stderr.close)
        out, err = p.communicate()
        self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 0, err)
        self.assertEqual(out.rstrip(), 'test with stdout=1')

    def test_cwd(self):
        tmpdir = tempfile.gettempdir()
        # We cannot use os.path.realpath to canonicalize the path,
        # since it doesn't expand Tru64 {memb} strings. See bug 1063571.
        cwd = os.getcwd()
        os.chdir(tmpdir)
        tmpdir = os.getcwd()
        os.chdir(cwd)
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                          'import sys,os;'
                          'sys.stdout.write(os.getcwd())'],
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                         cwd=tmpdir)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        normcase = os.path.normcase
        self.assertEqual(normcase(p.stdout.read()), normcase(tmpdir))

    def test_env(self):
        newenv = os.environ.copy()
        newenv["FRUIT"] = "orange"
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                          'import sys,os;'
                          'sys.stdout.write(os.getenv("FRUIT"))'],
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                         env=newenv)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.assertEqual(p.stdout.read(), "orange")

    def test_communicate_stdin(self):
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                              'import sys;'
                              'sys.exit(sys.stdin.read() == "pear")'],
                             stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
        p.communicate("pear")
        self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 1)

    def test_communicate_stdout(self):
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                              'import sys; sys.stdout.write("pineapple")'],
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
        (stdout, stderr) = p.communicate()
        self.assertEqual(stdout, "pineapple")
        self.assertEqual(stderr, None)

    def test_communicate_stderr(self):
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                              'import sys; sys.stderr.write("pineapple")'],
                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        (stdout, stderr) = p.communicate()
        self.assertEqual(stdout, None)
        self.assertStderrEqual(stderr, "pineapple")

    def test_communicate(self):
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                          'import sys,os;'
                          'sys.stderr.write("pineapple");'
                          'sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read())'],
                         stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.addCleanup(p.stderr.close)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdin.close)
        (stdout, stderr) = p.communicate("banana")
        self.assertEqual(stdout, "banana")
        self.assertStderrEqual(stderr, "pineapple")

    # This test is Linux specific for simplicity to at least have
    # some coverage.  It is not a platform specific bug.
    @unittest.skipUnless(os.path.isdir('/proc/%d/fd' % os.getpid()),
                         "Linux specific")
    # Test for the fd leak reported in http://bugs.python.org/issue2791.
    def test_communicate_pipe_fd_leak(self):
        fd_directory = '/proc/%d/fd' % os.getpid()
        num_fds_before_popen = len(os.listdir(fd_directory))
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", "print()"],
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
        p.communicate()
        num_fds_after_communicate = len(os.listdir(fd_directory))
        del p
        num_fds_after_destruction = len(os.listdir(fd_directory))
        self.assertEqual(num_fds_before_popen, num_fds_after_destruction)
        self.assertEqual(num_fds_before_popen, num_fds_after_communicate)

    def test_communicate_returns(self):
        # communicate() should return None if no redirection is active
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                              "import sys; sys.exit(47)"])
        (stdout, stderr) = p.communicate()
        self.assertEqual(stdout, None)
        self.assertEqual(stderr, None)

    def test_communicate_pipe_buf(self):
        # communicate() with writes larger than pipe_buf
        # This test will probably deadlock rather than fail, if
        # communicate() does not work properly.
        x, y = os.pipe()
        if mswindows:
            pipe_buf = 512
        else:
            pipe_buf = os.fpathconf(x, "PC_PIPE_BUF")
        os.close(x)
        os.close(y)
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                          'import sys,os;'
                          'sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read(47));'
                          'sys.stderr.write("xyz"*%d);'
                          'sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read())' % pipe_buf],
                         stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.addCleanup(p.stderr.close)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdin.close)
        string_to_write = "abc"*pipe_buf
        (stdout, stderr) = p.communicate(string_to_write)
        self.assertEqual(stdout, string_to_write)

    def test_writes_before_communicate(self):
        # stdin.write before communicate()
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                          'import sys,os;'
                          'sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read())'],
                         stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                         stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.addCleanup(p.stderr.close)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdin.close)
        p.stdin.write("banana")
        (stdout, stderr) = p.communicate("split")
        self.assertEqual(stdout, "bananasplit")
        self.assertStderrEqual(stderr, "")

    def test_universal_newlines(self):
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                          'import sys,os;' + SETBINARY +
                          'sys.stdout.write("line1\\n");'
                          'sys.stdout.flush();'
                          'sys.stdout.write("line2\\r");'
                          'sys.stdout.flush();'
                          'sys.stdout.write("line3\\r\\n");'
                          'sys.stdout.flush();'
                          'sys.stdout.write("line4\\r");'
                          'sys.stdout.flush();'
                          'sys.stdout.write("\\nline5");'
                          'sys.stdout.flush();'
                          'sys.stdout.write("\\nline6");'],
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                         universal_newlines=1)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        stdout = p.stdout.read()
        if hasattr(file, 'newlines'):
            # Interpreter with universal newline support
            self.assertEqual(stdout,
                             "line1\nline2\nline3\nline4\nline5\nline6")
        else:
            # Interpreter without universal newline support
            self.assertEqual(stdout,
                             "line1\nline2\rline3\r\nline4\r\nline5\nline6")

    def test_universal_newlines_communicate(self):
        # universal newlines through communicate()
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                          'import sys,os;' + SETBINARY +
                          'sys.stdout.write("line1\\n");'
                          'sys.stdout.flush();'
                          'sys.stdout.write("line2\\r");'
                          'sys.stdout.flush();'
                          'sys.stdout.write("line3\\r\\n");'
                          'sys.stdout.flush();'
                          'sys.stdout.write("line4\\r");'
                          'sys.stdout.flush();'
                          'sys.stdout.write("\\nline5");'
                          'sys.stdout.flush();'
                          'sys.stdout.write("\\nline6");'],
                         stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
                         universal_newlines=1)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.addCleanup(p.stderr.close)
        (stdout, stderr) = p.communicate()
        if hasattr(file, 'newlines'):
            # Interpreter with universal newline support
            self.assertEqual(stdout,
                             "line1\nline2\nline3\nline4\nline5\nline6")
        else:
            # Interpreter without universal newline support
            self.assertEqual(stdout,
                             "line1\nline2\rline3\r\nline4\r\nline5\nline6")

    def test_no_leaking(self):
        # Make sure we leak no resources
        if not mswindows:
            max_handles = 1026 # too much for most UNIX systems
        else:
            max_handles = 2050 # too much for (at least some) Windows setups
        handles = []
        try:
            for i in range(max_handles):
                try:
                    handles.append(os.open(test_support.TESTFN,
                                           os.O_WRONLY | os.O_CREAT))
                except OSError as e:
                    if e.errno != errno.EMFILE:
                        raise
                    break
            else:
                self.skipTest("failed to reach the file descriptor limit "
                    "(tried %d)" % max_handles)
            # Close a couple of them (should be enough for a subprocess)
            for i in range(10):
                os.close(handles.pop())
            # Loop creating some subprocesses. If one of them leaks some fds,
            # the next loop iteration will fail by reaching the max fd limit.
            for i in range(15):
                p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                                      "import sys;"
                                      "sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read())"],
                                     stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                                     stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                     stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
                data = p.communicate(b"lime")[0]
                self.assertEqual(data, b"lime")
        finally:
            for h in handles:
                os.close(h)
            test_support.unlink(test_support.TESTFN)

    def test_list2cmdline(self):
        self.assertEqual(subprocess.list2cmdline(['a b c', 'd', 'e']),
                         '"a b c" d e')
        self.assertEqual(subprocess.list2cmdline(['ab"c', '\\', 'd']),
                         'ab\\"c \\ d')
        self.assertEqual(subprocess.list2cmdline(['ab"c', ' \\', 'd']),
                         'ab\\"c " \\\\" d')
        self.assertEqual(subprocess.list2cmdline(['a\\\\\\b', 'de fg', 'h']),
                         'a\\\\\\b "de fg" h')
        self.assertEqual(subprocess.list2cmdline(['a\\"b', 'c', 'd']),
                         'a\\\\\\"b c d')
        self.assertEqual(subprocess.list2cmdline(['a\\\\b c', 'd', 'e']),
                         '"a\\\\b c" d e')
        self.assertEqual(subprocess.list2cmdline(['a\\\\b\\ c', 'd', 'e']),
                         '"a\\\\b\\ c" d e')
        self.assertEqual(subprocess.list2cmdline(['ab', '']),
                         'ab ""')


    def test_poll(self):
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable,
                          "-c", "import time; time.sleep(1)"])
        count = 0
        while p.poll() is None:
            time.sleep(0.1)
            count += 1
        # We expect that the poll loop probably went around about 10 times,
        # but, based on system scheduling we can't control, it's possible
        # poll() never returned None.  It "should be" very rare that it
        # didn't go around at least twice.
        self.assertGreaterEqual(count, 2)
        # Subsequent invocations should just return the returncode
        self.assertEqual(p.poll(), 0)


    def test_wait(self):
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable,
                          "-c", "import time; time.sleep(2)"])
        self.assertEqual(p.wait(), 0)
        # Subsequent invocations should just return the returncode
        self.assertEqual(p.wait(), 0)


    def test_invalid_bufsize(self):
        # an invalid type of the bufsize argument should raise
        # TypeError.
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", "pass"], "orange")

    def test_leaking_fds_on_error(self):
        # see bug #5179: Popen leaks file descriptors to PIPEs if
        # the child fails to execute; this will eventually exhaust
        # the maximum number of open fds. 1024 seems a very common
        # value for that limit, but Windows has 2048, so we loop
        # 1024 times (each call leaked two fds).
        for i in range(1024):
            # Windows raises IOError.  Others raise OSError.
            with self.assertRaises(EnvironmentError) as c:
                subprocess.Popen(['nonexisting_i_hope'],
                                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                 stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
            # ignore errors that indicate the command was not found
            if c.exception.errno not in (errno.ENOENT, errno.EACCES):
                raise c.exception

    @unittest.skipIf(threading is None, "threading required")
    def test_double_close_on_error(self):
        # Issue #18851
        fds = []
        def open_fds():
            for i in range(20):
                fds.extend(os.pipe())
                time.sleep(0.001)
        t = threading.Thread(target=open_fds)
        t.start()
        try:
            with self.assertRaises(EnvironmentError):
                subprocess.Popen(['nonexisting_i_hope'],
                                 stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                 stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        finally:
            t.join()
            exc = None
            for fd in fds:
                # If a double close occurred, some of those fds will
                # already have been closed by mistake, and os.close()
                # here will raise.
                try:
                    os.close(fd)
                except OSError as e:
                    exc = e
            if exc is not None:
                raise exc

    def test_handles_closed_on_exception(self):
        # If CreateProcess exits with an error, ensure the
        # duplicate output handles are released
        ifhandle, ifname = tempfile.mkstemp()
        ofhandle, ofname = tempfile.mkstemp()
        efhandle, efname = tempfile.mkstemp()
        try:
            subprocess.Popen (["*"], stdin=ifhandle, stdout=ofhandle,
              stderr=efhandle)
        except OSError:
            os.close(ifhandle)
            os.remove(ifname)
            os.close(ofhandle)
            os.remove(ofname)
            os.close(efhandle)
            os.remove(efname)
        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(ifname))
        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(ofname))
        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(efname))

    def test_communicate_epipe(self):
        # Issue 10963: communicate() should hide EPIPE
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", 'pass'],
                             stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.addCleanup(p.stderr.close)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdin.close)
        p.communicate("x" * 2**20)

    def test_communicate_epipe_only_stdin(self):
        # Issue 10963: communicate() should hide EPIPE
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", 'pass'],
                             stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdin.close)
        time.sleep(2)
        p.communicate("x" * 2**20)

    # This test is Linux-ish specific for simplicity to at least have
    # some coverage.  It is not a platform specific bug.
    @unittest.skipUnless(os.path.isdir('/proc/%d/fd' % os.getpid()),
                         "Linux specific")
    def test_failed_child_execute_fd_leak(self):
        """Test for the fork() failure fd leak reported in issue16327."""
        fd_directory = '/proc/%d/fd' % os.getpid()
        fds_before_popen = os.listdir(fd_directory)
        with self.assertRaises(PopenTestException):
            PopenExecuteChildRaises(
                    [sys.executable, '-c', 'pass'], stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

        # NOTE: This test doesn't verify that the real _execute_child
        # does not close the file descriptors itself on the way out
        # during an exception.  Code inspection has confirmed that.

        fds_after_exception = os.listdir(fd_directory)
        self.assertEqual(fds_before_popen, fds_after_exception)


# context manager
class _SuppressCoreFiles(object):
    """Try to prevent core files from being created."""
    old_limit = None

    def __enter__(self):
        """Try to save previous ulimit, then set it to (0, 0)."""
        if resource is not None:
            try:
                self.old_limit = resource.getrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_CORE)
                resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_CORE, (0, 0))
            except (ValueError, resource.error):
                pass

        if sys.platform == 'darwin':
            # Check if the 'Crash Reporter' on OSX was configured
            # in 'Developer' mode and warn that it will get triggered
            # when it is.
            #
            # This assumes that this context manager is used in tests
            # that might trigger the next manager.
            value = subprocess.Popen(['/usr/bin/defaults', 'read',
                    'com.apple.CrashReporter', 'DialogType'],
                    stdout=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()[0]
            if value.strip() == b'developer':
                print "this tests triggers the Crash Reporter, that is intentional"
                sys.stdout.flush()

    def __exit__(self, *args):
        """Return core file behavior to default."""
        if self.old_limit is None:
            return
        if resource is not None:
            try:
                resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_CORE, self.old_limit)
            except (ValueError, resource.error):
                pass

    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(signal, 'SIGALRM'),
                         "Requires signal.SIGALRM")
    def test_communicate_eintr(self):
        # Issue #12493: communicate() should handle EINTR
        def handler(signum, frame):
            pass
        old_handler = signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, handler)
        self.addCleanup(signal.signal, signal.SIGALRM, old_handler)

        # the process is running for 2 seconds
        args = [sys.executable, "-c", 'import time; time.sleep(2)']
        for stream in ('stdout', 'stderr'):
            kw = {stream: subprocess.PIPE}
            with subprocess.Popen(args, **kw) as process:
                signal.alarm(1)
                # communicate() will be interrupted by SIGALRM
                process.communicate()


@unittest.skipIf(mswindows, "POSIX specific tests")
class POSIXProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):

    def test_exceptions(self):
        # caught & re-raised exceptions
        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as c:
            p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", ""],
                                 cwd="/this/path/does/not/exist")
        # The attribute child_traceback should contain "os.chdir" somewhere.
        self.assertIn("os.chdir", c.exception.child_traceback)

    def test_run_abort(self):
        # returncode handles signal termination
        with _SuppressCoreFiles():
            p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                                  "import os; os.abort()"])
            p.wait()
        self.assertEqual(-p.returncode, signal.SIGABRT)

    def test_preexec(self):
        # preexec function
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                              "import sys, os;"
                              "sys.stdout.write(os.getenv('FRUIT'))"],
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             preexec_fn=lambda: os.putenv("FRUIT", "apple"))
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.assertEqual(p.stdout.read(), "apple")

    class _TestExecuteChildPopen(subprocess.Popen):
        """Used to test behavior at the end of _execute_child."""
        def __init__(self, testcase, *args, **kwargs):
            self._testcase = testcase
            subprocess.Popen.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)

        def _execute_child(
                self, args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds, cwd, env,
                universal_newlines, startupinfo, creationflags, shell, to_close,
                p2cread, p2cwrite,
                c2pread, c2pwrite,
                errread, errwrite):
            try:
                subprocess.Popen._execute_child(
                        self, args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds,
                        cwd, env, universal_newlines,
                        startupinfo, creationflags, shell, to_close,
                        p2cread, p2cwrite,
                        c2pread, c2pwrite,
                        errread, errwrite)
            finally:
                # Open a bunch of file descriptors and verify that
                # none of them are the same as the ones the Popen
                # instance is using for stdin/stdout/stderr.
                devzero_fds = [os.open("/dev/zero", os.O_RDONLY)
                               for _ in range(8)]
                try:
                    for fd in devzero_fds:
                        self._testcase.assertNotIn(
                                fd, (p2cwrite, c2pread, errread))
                finally:
                    for fd in devzero_fds:
                        os.close(fd)

    @unittest.skipIf(not os.path.exists("/dev/zero"), "/dev/zero required.")
    def test_preexec_errpipe_does_not_double_close_pipes(self):
        """Issue16140: Don't double close pipes on preexec error."""

        def raise_it():
            raise RuntimeError("force the _execute_child() errpipe_data path.")

        with self.assertRaises(RuntimeError):
            self._TestExecuteChildPopen(
                    self, [sys.executable, "-c", "pass"],
                    stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                    stderr=subprocess.PIPE, preexec_fn=raise_it)

    def test_args_string(self):
        # args is a string
        f, fname = tempfile.mkstemp()
        os.write(f, "#!/bin/sh\n")
        os.write(f, "exec '%s' -c 'import sys; sys.exit(47)'\n" %
                    sys.executable)
        os.close(f)
        os.chmod(fname, 0o700)
        p = subprocess.Popen(fname)
        p.wait()
        os.remove(fname)
        self.assertEqual(p.returncode, 47)

    def test_invalid_args(self):
        # invalid arguments should raise ValueError
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, subprocess.call,
                          [sys.executable, "-c",
                           "import sys; sys.exit(47)"],
                          startupinfo=47)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, subprocess.call,
                          [sys.executable, "-c",
                           "import sys; sys.exit(47)"],
                          creationflags=47)

    def test_shell_sequence(self):
        # Run command through the shell (sequence)
        newenv = os.environ.copy()
        newenv["FRUIT"] = "apple"
        p = subprocess.Popen(["echo $FRUIT"], shell=1,
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             env=newenv)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.assertEqual(p.stdout.read().strip(), "apple")

    def test_shell_string(self):
        # Run command through the shell (string)
        newenv = os.environ.copy()
        newenv["FRUIT"] = "apple"
        p = subprocess.Popen("echo $FRUIT", shell=1,
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             env=newenv)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.assertEqual(p.stdout.read().strip(), "apple")

    def test_call_string(self):
        # call() function with string argument on UNIX
        f, fname = tempfile.mkstemp()
        os.write(f, "#!/bin/sh\n")
        os.write(f, "exec '%s' -c 'import sys; sys.exit(47)'\n" %
                    sys.executable)
        os.close(f)
        os.chmod(fname, 0700)
        rc = subprocess.call(fname)
        os.remove(fname)
        self.assertEqual(rc, 47)

    def test_specific_shell(self):
        # Issue #9265: Incorrect name passed as arg[0].
        shells = []
        for prefix in ['/bin', '/usr/bin/', '/usr/local/bin']:
            for name in ['bash', 'ksh']:
                sh = os.path.join(prefix, name)
                if os.path.isfile(sh):
                    shells.append(sh)
        if not shells: # Will probably work for any shell but csh.
            self.skipTest("bash or ksh required for this test")
        sh = '/bin/sh'
        if os.path.isfile(sh) and not os.path.islink(sh):
            # Test will fail if /bin/sh is a symlink to csh.
            shells.append(sh)
        for sh in shells:
            p = subprocess.Popen("echo $0", executable=sh, shell=True,
                                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
            self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
            self.assertEqual(p.stdout.read().strip(), sh)

    def _kill_process(self, method, *args):
        # Do not inherit file handles from the parent.
        # It should fix failures on some platforms.
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", """if 1:
                             import sys, time
                             sys.stdout.write('x\\n')
                             sys.stdout.flush()
                             time.sleep(30)
                             """],
                             close_fds=True,
                             stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        # Wait for the interpreter to be completely initialized before
        # sending any signal.
        p.stdout.read(1)
        getattr(p, method)(*args)
        return p

    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform.startswith(('netbsd', 'openbsd')),
                     "Due to known OS bug (issue #16762)")
    def _kill_dead_process(self, method, *args):
        # Do not inherit file handles from the parent.
        # It should fix failures on some platforms.
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", """if 1:
                             import sys, time
                             sys.stdout.write('x\\n')
                             sys.stdout.flush()
                             """],
                             close_fds=True,
                             stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        # Wait for the interpreter to be completely initialized before
        # sending any signal.
        p.stdout.read(1)
        # The process should end after this
        time.sleep(1)
        # This shouldn't raise even though the child is now dead
        getattr(p, method)(*args)
        p.communicate()

    def test_send_signal(self):
        p = self._kill_process('send_signal', signal.SIGINT)
        _, stderr = p.communicate()
        self.assertIn('KeyboardInterrupt', stderr)
        self.assertNotEqual(p.wait(), 0)

    def test_kill(self):
        p = self._kill_process('kill')
        _, stderr = p.communicate()
        self.assertStderrEqual(stderr, '')
        self.assertEqual(p.wait(), -signal.SIGKILL)

    def test_terminate(self):
        p = self._kill_process('terminate')
        _, stderr = p.communicate()
        self.assertStderrEqual(stderr, '')
        self.assertEqual(p.wait(), -signal.SIGTERM)

    def test_send_signal_dead(self):
        # Sending a signal to a dead process
        self._kill_dead_process('send_signal', signal.SIGINT)

    def test_kill_dead(self):
        # Killing a dead process
        self._kill_dead_process('kill')

    def test_terminate_dead(self):
        # Terminating a dead process
        self._kill_dead_process('terminate')

    def check_close_std_fds(self, fds):
        # Issue #9905: test that subprocess pipes still work properly with
        # some standard fds closed
        stdin = 0
        newfds = []
        for a in fds:
            b = os.dup(a)
            newfds.append(b)
            if a == 0:
                stdin = b
        try:
            for fd in fds:
                os.close(fd)
            out, err = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                              'import sys;'
                              'sys.stdout.write("apple");'
                              'sys.stdout.flush();'
                              'sys.stderr.write("orange")'],
                       stdin=stdin,
                       stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                       stderr=subprocess.PIPE).communicate()
            err = test_support.strip_python_stderr(err)
            self.assertEqual((out, err), (b'apple', b'orange'))
        finally:
            for b, a in zip(newfds, fds):
                os.dup2(b, a)
            for b in newfds:
                os.close(b)

    def test_close_fd_0(self):
        self.check_close_std_fds([0])

    def test_close_fd_1(self):
        self.check_close_std_fds([1])

    def test_close_fd_2(self):
        self.check_close_std_fds([2])

    def test_close_fds_0_1(self):
        self.check_close_std_fds([0, 1])

    def test_close_fds_0_2(self):
        self.check_close_std_fds([0, 2])

    def test_close_fds_1_2(self):
        self.check_close_std_fds([1, 2])

    def test_close_fds_0_1_2(self):
        # Issue #10806: test that subprocess pipes still work properly with
        # all standard fds closed.
        self.check_close_std_fds([0, 1, 2])

    def check_swap_fds(self, stdin_no, stdout_no, stderr_no):
        # open up some temporary files
        temps = [tempfile.mkstemp() for i in range(3)]
        temp_fds = [fd for fd, fname in temps]
        try:
            # unlink the files -- we won't need to reopen them
            for fd, fname in temps:
                os.unlink(fname)

            # save a copy of the standard file descriptors
            saved_fds = [os.dup(fd) for fd in range(3)]
            try:
                # duplicate the temp files over the standard fd's 0, 1, 2
                for fd, temp_fd in enumerate(temp_fds):
                    os.dup2(temp_fd, fd)

                # write some data to what will become stdin, and rewind
                os.write(stdin_no, b"STDIN")
                os.lseek(stdin_no, 0, 0)

                # now use those files in the given order, so that subprocess
                # has to rearrange them in the child
                p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                    'import sys; got = sys.stdin.read();'
                    'sys.stdout.write("got %s"%got); sys.stderr.write("err")'],
                    stdin=stdin_no,
                    stdout=stdout_no,
                    stderr=stderr_no)
                p.wait()

                for fd in temp_fds:
                    os.lseek(fd, 0, 0)

                out = os.read(stdout_no, 1024)
                err = test_support.strip_python_stderr(os.read(stderr_no, 1024))
            finally:
                for std, saved in enumerate(saved_fds):
                    os.dup2(saved, std)
                    os.close(saved)

            self.assertEqual(out, b"got STDIN")
            self.assertEqual(err, b"err")

        finally:
            for fd in temp_fds:
                os.close(fd)

    # When duping fds, if there arises a situation where one of the fds is
    # either 0, 1 or 2, it is possible that it is overwritten (#12607).
    # This tests all combinations of this.
    def test_swap_fds(self):
        self.check_swap_fds(0, 1, 2)
        self.check_swap_fds(0, 2, 1)
        self.check_swap_fds(1, 0, 2)
        self.check_swap_fds(1, 2, 0)
        self.check_swap_fds(2, 0, 1)
        self.check_swap_fds(2, 1, 0)

    def test_wait_when_sigchild_ignored(self):
        # NOTE: sigchild_ignore.py may not be an effective test on all OSes.
        sigchild_ignore = test_support.findfile("sigchild_ignore.py",
                                                subdir="subprocessdata")
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, sigchild_ignore],
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
        self.assertEqual(0, p.returncode, "sigchild_ignore.py exited"
                         " non-zero with this error:\n%s" % stderr)

    def test_zombie_fast_process_del(self):
        # Issue #12650: on Unix, if Popen.__del__() was called before the
        # process exited, it wouldn't be added to subprocess._active, and would
        # remain a zombie.
        # spawn a Popen, and delete its reference before it exits
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                              'import sys, time;'
                              'time.sleep(0.2)'],
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.addCleanup(p.stderr.close)
        ident = id(p)
        pid = p.pid
        del p
        # check that p is in the active processes list
        self.assertIn(ident, [id(o) for o in subprocess._active])

    def test_leak_fast_process_del_killed(self):
        # Issue #12650: on Unix, if Popen.__del__() was called before the
        # process exited, and the process got killed by a signal, it would never
        # be removed from subprocess._active, which triggered a FD and memory
        # leak.
        # spawn a Popen, delete its reference and kill it
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                              'import time;'
                              'time.sleep(3)'],
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.addCleanup(p.stderr.close)
        ident = id(p)
        pid = p.pid
        del p
        os.kill(pid, signal.SIGKILL)
        # check that p is in the active processes list
        self.assertIn(ident, [id(o) for o in subprocess._active])

        # let some time for the process to exit, and create a new Popen: this
        # should trigger the wait() of p
        time.sleep(0.2)
        with self.assertRaises(EnvironmentError) as c:
            with subprocess.Popen(['nonexisting_i_hope'],
                                  stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                  stderr=subprocess.PIPE) as proc:
                pass
        # p should have been wait()ed on, and removed from the _active list
        self.assertRaises(OSError, os.waitpid, pid, 0)
        self.assertNotIn(ident, [id(o) for o in subprocess._active])

    def test_pipe_cloexec(self):
        # Issue 12786: check that the communication pipes' FDs are set CLOEXEC,
        # and are not inherited by another child process.
        p1 = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                               'import os;'
                               'os.read(0, 1)'
                              ],
                              stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                              stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

        p2 = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", """if True:
                               import os, errno, sys
                               for fd in %r:
                                   try:
                                       os.close(fd)
                                   except OSError as e:
                                       if e.errno != errno.EBADF:
                                           raise
                                   else:
                                       sys.exit(1)
                               sys.exit(0)
                               """ % [f.fileno() for f in (p1.stdin, p1.stdout,
                                                           p1.stderr)]
                              ],
                              stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                              stderr=subprocess.PIPE, close_fds=False)
        p1.communicate('foo')
        _, stderr = p2.communicate()

        self.assertEqual(p2.returncode, 0, "Unexpected error: " + repr(stderr))


@unittest.skipUnless(mswindows, "Windows specific tests")
class Win32ProcessTestCase(BaseTestCase):

    def test_startupinfo(self):
        # startupinfo argument
        # We uses hardcoded constants, because we do not want to
        # depend on win32all.
        STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW = 1
        SW_MAXIMIZE = 3
        startupinfo = subprocess.STARTUPINFO()
        startupinfo.dwFlags = STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW
        startupinfo.wShowWindow = SW_MAXIMIZE
        # Since Python is a console process, it won't be affected
        # by wShowWindow, but the argument should be silently
        # ignored
        subprocess.call([sys.executable, "-c", "import sys; sys.exit(0)"],
                        startupinfo=startupinfo)

    def test_creationflags(self):
        # creationflags argument
        CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE = 16
        sys.stderr.write("    a DOS box should flash briefly ...\n")
        subprocess.call(sys.executable +
                        ' -c "import time; time.sleep(0.25)"',
                        creationflags=CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE)

    def test_invalid_args(self):
        # invalid arguments should raise ValueError
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, subprocess.call,
                          [sys.executable, "-c",
                           "import sys; sys.exit(47)"],
                          preexec_fn=lambda: 1)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, subprocess.call,
                          [sys.executable, "-c",
                           "import sys; sys.exit(47)"],
                          stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                          close_fds=True)

    def test_close_fds(self):
        # close file descriptors
        rc = subprocess.call([sys.executable, "-c",
                              "import sys; sys.exit(47)"],
                              close_fds=True)
        self.assertEqual(rc, 47)

    def test_shell_sequence(self):
        # Run command through the shell (sequence)
        newenv = os.environ.copy()
        newenv["FRUIT"] = "physalis"
        p = subprocess.Popen(["set"], shell=1,
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             env=newenv)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.assertIn("physalis", p.stdout.read())

    def test_shell_string(self):
        # Run command through the shell (string)
        newenv = os.environ.copy()
        newenv["FRUIT"] = "physalis"
        p = subprocess.Popen("set", shell=1,
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             env=newenv)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.assertIn("physalis", p.stdout.read())

    def test_call_string(self):
        # call() function with string argument on Windows
        rc = subprocess.call(sys.executable +
                             ' -c "import sys; sys.exit(47)"')
        self.assertEqual(rc, 47)

    def _kill_process(self, method, *args):
        # Some win32 buildbot raises EOFError if stdin is inherited
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", """if 1:
                             import sys, time
                             sys.stdout.write('x\\n')
                             sys.stdout.flush()
                             time.sleep(30)
                             """],
                             stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.addCleanup(p.stderr.close)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdin.close)
        # Wait for the interpreter to be completely initialized before
        # sending any signal.
        p.stdout.read(1)
        getattr(p, method)(*args)
        _, stderr = p.communicate()
        self.assertStderrEqual(stderr, '')
        returncode = p.wait()
        self.assertNotEqual(returncode, 0)

    def _kill_dead_process(self, method, *args):
        p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c", """if 1:
                             import sys, time
                             sys.stdout.write('x\\n')
                             sys.stdout.flush()
                             sys.exit(42)
                             """],
                             stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                             stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.addCleanup(p.stderr.close)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdin.close)
        # Wait for the interpreter to be completely initialized before
        # sending any signal.
        p.stdout.read(1)
        # The process should end after this
        time.sleep(1)
        # This shouldn't raise even though the child is now dead
        getattr(p, method)(*args)
        _, stderr = p.communicate()
        self.assertStderrEqual(stderr, b'')
        rc = p.wait()
        self.assertEqual(rc, 42)

    def test_send_signal(self):
        self._kill_process('send_signal', signal.SIGTERM)

    def test_kill(self):
        self._kill_process('kill')

    def test_terminate(self):
        self._kill_process('terminate')

    def test_send_signal_dead(self):
        self._kill_dead_process('send_signal', signal.SIGTERM)

    def test_kill_dead(self):
        self._kill_dead_process('kill')

    def test_terminate_dead(self):
        self._kill_dead_process('terminate')


@unittest.skipUnless(getattr(subprocess, '_has_poll', False),
                     "poll system call not supported")
class ProcessTestCaseNoPoll(ProcessTestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        subprocess._has_poll = False
        ProcessTestCase.setUp(self)

    def tearDown(self):
        subprocess._has_poll = True
        ProcessTestCase.tearDown(self)


class HelperFunctionTests(unittest.TestCase):
    @unittest.skipIf(mswindows, "errno and EINTR make no sense on windows")
    def test_eintr_retry_call(self):
        record_calls = []
        def fake_os_func(*args):
            record_calls.append(args)
            if len(record_calls) == 2:
                raise OSError(errno.EINTR, "fake interrupted system call")
            return tuple(reversed(args))

        self.assertEqual((999, 256),
                         subprocess._eintr_retry_call(fake_os_func, 256, 999))
        self.assertEqual([(256, 999)], record_calls)
        # This time there will be an EINTR so it will loop once.
        self.assertEqual((666,),
                         subprocess._eintr_retry_call(fake_os_func, 666))
        self.assertEqual([(256, 999), (666,), (666,)], record_calls)

@unittest.skipUnless(mswindows, "mswindows only")
class CommandsWithSpaces (BaseTestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        super(CommandsWithSpaces, self).setUp()
        f, fname = tempfile.mkstemp(".py", "te st")
        self.fname = fname.lower ()
        os.write(f, b"import sys;"
                    b"sys.stdout.write('%d %s' % (len(sys.argv), [a.lower () for a in sys.argv]))"
        )
        os.close(f)

    def tearDown(self):
        os.remove(self.fname)
        super(CommandsWithSpaces, self).tearDown()

    def with_spaces(self, *args, **kwargs):
        kwargs['stdout'] = subprocess.PIPE
        p = subprocess.Popen(*args, **kwargs)
        self.addCleanup(p.stdout.close)
        self.assertEqual(
          p.stdout.read ().decode("mbcs"),
          "2 [%r, 'ab cd']" % self.fname
        )

    def test_shell_string_with_spaces(self):
        # call() function with string argument with spaces on Windows
        self.with_spaces('"%s" "%s" "%s"' % (sys.executable, self.fname,
                                             "ab cd"), shell=1)

    def test_shell_sequence_with_spaces(self):
        # call() function with sequence argument with spaces on Windows
        self.with_spaces([sys.executable, self.fname, "ab cd"], shell=1)

    def test_noshell_string_with_spaces(self):
        # call() function with string argument with spaces on Windows
        self.with_spaces('"%s" "%s" "%s"' % (sys.executable, self.fname,
                             "ab cd"))

    def test_noshell_sequence_with_spaces(self):
        # call() function with sequence argument with spaces on Windows
        self.with_spaces([sys.executable, self.fname, "ab cd"])

def test_main():
    unit_tests = (ProcessTestCase,
                  POSIXProcessTestCase,
                  Win32ProcessTestCase,
                  ProcessTestCaseNoPoll,
                  HelperFunctionTests,
                  CommandsWithSpaces)

    test_support.run_unittest(*unit_tests)
    test_support.reap_children()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    test_main()

Youez - 2016 - github.com/yon3zu
LinuXploit